What "germination" means in gardening

Germination is the process by which a seed or spore begins to grow and develop into a plant. It involves the breaking of the seed coat and the emergence of the embryonic root and shoot. Germination typically occurs in response to favorable environmental conditions such as moisture, warmth, and oxygen, and is a critical step in the life cycle of most plants. Successful germination leads to the establishment of a new plant, which can then grow and reproduce, perpetuating the species.