What "aeration" means in gardening

Aeration refers to the process of creating air passages in the soil to allow for better circulation of air, water, and nutrients. Aeration can be done manually by using a tool like a garden fork to poke holes in the soil or mechanically by using an aerator machine that removes small plugs of soil from the ground.

Over time, soil can become compacted due to foot traffic, heavy machinery, or simply the weight of the soil itself. Compacted soil can prevent air, water, and nutrients from reaching plant roots, which can stunt their growth and make them more susceptible to disease and pests.

Aeration helps to alleviate soil compaction by creating channels for air, water, and nutrients to move more freely throughout the soil. It also encourages the growth of beneficial microorganisms that help to break down organic matter and improve soil structure. Aeration is typically done in the spring or fall, when the soil is moist and easier to work with.